Standardization of sodium hydroxide by ethanedioic acid solution Essay Example for Free

Standardization of sodium hydroxide by ethanedioic acid solution Essay Experiments: 1. Standardization of sodium hydroxide by ethanedioic acid solution 2. Determination of the concentration of commercial colourless vinegar Standardization of sodium hydroxide by ethanedioic acid Objective: To determine the molarity of sodium hydroxide. As the molarity of the sodium hydroxide is unknown, in order to standardize it, the concentration of the acid has to be known. Result: Titration Trial 1 2 3 4 Initial burette reading() 18. 33 8. 05 7. 52 8. 21. Final burette reading() 45. 48 36. 25 35. 79 36. 82 Volume of sodium hydroxide solution used() 27. 15(rejected) 28. 20 28. 27 28. 61 Average volume of sodium hydroxide solution used() 28. 36 Treatment for result: Molarity of the standard ethanedioic acid solution Mass of ethanedioic acid= 0. 8g Molar mass of ethanedioic acid= 2? (12+16+16+1) +2? (1+1+16) = 126 Number of mole of ethanedioic acid= 6. 35? Molarity of the ethanedioic acid= = 0. 025M Â  Molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution. Number of mole of 25. 0 ethanedioic acid= 6. 35 10 = 6. 35? Number of mole of sodium hydroxide = 6. 35 2 = 1. 27? Molarity of sodium hydroxide= 1. 27? = 0. 045M Determination of the concentration of commercial colourless vinegar Objective: The concentration of ethanoic acid in different brands of vinegar would be determined. As the compositions of vinegar in different brands are different, the highest concentration of ethanoic acid in the vinegar was said to be the best to buy. Result: Titration Trial 1 2 3 4 Initial burette reading() 5. 99 9. 28 8. 50 7. 05 Final burette reading() 20. 32 26. 22 25. 17 23. 86 Volume of sodium hydroxide solution used() 14. 33(rejected) 16. 94 16. 67 16. 80 Average volume of sodium hydroxide solution used() 16. 81 Treatment for result: * Concentration of ethanoic acid in the commercial vinegar(ShanTou) Number of mole of sodium hydroxide = 0. 045? 0. 01681 = 7. 56? ?Number of mole of ethanoic acid = 7. 56?

Hypercholesterolemia :: Diseases, Disorders

In the simplest terms, hypercholesterolemia may be any excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood. The clinical definition however, as outlined by the University of Maryland Medical Center [UMMC] (2010), considers a total cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL or higher to be high cholesterol. Within this total is the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL or â€Å"good† cholesterol) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL or â€Å"bad† cholesterol). Below 40 mg/dL is considered poor for HDL, while an optimal level of 60 mg/dL or above is more desirable. A LDL level of 160-189 mg/dL is considered high, and the optimal level is 100-129 mg/dL. In addition to LDL and HDL cholesterols, a third type of fatty material, collectively known as triglycerides, may be found within the blood. A triglyceride level above 200 mg/dL is high, but the desirable level is below 150mg/dL. Generally, as triglyceride levels rise, HDL cholesterol falls (UMMC, 2010). Tortora & Derrickson (2009) further illuminates the distinction between LDL and HDL cholesterols and why these differences incur such conflicting effects in the body. LDLs convey about 75% of the total cholesterol in blood and deliver it throughout the body to cells so that they may repair cell membranes and create steroid hormones and bile salts (p. 991). However, when their number exceeds what is necessary, LDLs leave cholesterol in and around the smooth muscle fibers in arteries (p. 991). Thus, LDLs have earned a â€Å"bad† reputation. In contrast, HDLs remove excess cholesterol from body cells and blood and transport it to the liver for subsequent elimination, preventing its accumulation in the blood (p. 991). Thus, their â€Å"good† reputation is safe. It is important to remember though that both LDL and HDL cholesterols, as well as triglycerides, are essential in certain amounts, and LDLs and HDLs together make up the total cholesterol level used in the dia gnosis of high cholesterol. According to the UMMC (2010), there are usually no symptoms of high cholesterol, especially in the early stages of the condition. The only way to diagnose an individual with high cholesterol is with a blood test, and doctors recommend that patients fast beforehand so that results only reflect usable HDL and LDL levels (â€Å"How to get†, 2012). Since too much cholesterol circulating within the blood can create sticky deposits called plaque along the artery walls, a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia may have very real health significance for the patient.

A Couple Interview with Darlene and Mike Lumpkin Essay

A marriage is the creation of a new family by bringing together two distinct people from individual and very distinctly different backgrounds. The bringing together of two different people often can cause conflict. Merging families can also create a harmonious relationship of balance and teamwork if both of their differences and similarities compliment each other. After conducting an interview with Darlene and Mike Lumpkin it became very evident that theirs was a seemingly balanced and harmonious relationship. The interview asked questions about how things like their backgrounds, challenges together, boundaries, family interactions, and spirituality have developed into a family and marriage relationship that successfully navigates through life together. The couple walked into the interview with a very happy demeanor, which seemed to set the tone for the remainder of our conversation. Their happiness clearly showed by sitting very close to each other on the couch with their arms aroun d each other. Mike shared jokingly that he felt like he was in a shrink’s office because of the blue couch. His lightheartedness helped keep things comfortable. The interview began by asking them some detailed background information about their individual family upbringing and experiences. Out of respect to their time constraints they were each given a printed out copy of the interview schedule and asked to spend a few minutes answering the individual background questions. They then shared what they deemed relevant from their answers. After some discussion about background section, the interview progressed by going through each of the remaining questions. Mike Lumpkin is a 40-year-old male college graduate who is employed by a real estate company. He has one younger brother and both parents are alive. His father is a pastor, which Mike shared, â€Å"my father has been a huge influence throughout marriage, family and in the way I live.† Mike described the majority of his family upbringing as stable, supportive and privileged. However, he wanted to highlight a particularly challenging time during college when he lost his best friend to suicide. He explained, â€Å"my faith got deeper through this experience because of all of the support of others.† The importance of faith is also reflective in his answers to questions about spending his free time with church and family. Darlene Lumpkin is a 43-year-old college graduate, housewife who has eight siblings. She started by highlighting the distinct differences between her and Mike’s family and upbringing. Her father was divorced five times and was undiagnosed but had a history of Manic Depression. This obviously affected her saying: â€Å"That is the reason I got married at thirty-one.† Additionally she shared, â€Å"Girls like to marry someone like their father and I definitely did not.† She explained that all of her brothers had also been diagnosed or un-diagnosed with Manic Depression and or substance abuse issues. She expressed that although she is very close to her family that it is fractured. At twenty she lost her stepfather to a sudden, unexpected heart attack. During mid-twenties her fractured family influenced a bout with depression where she sought the help of a counselor. However, her answers on the sheet that she was given, indicated that her current outlook on life as very positive because of her relationship to Mike and their children. Mike and Darlene’s relationship started while working for the same company, the couple met at a training event. Sha ring about how they met brought up a point of tension. There was a hesitancy to share that Mike was living with another women when they first started dating. Darlene discovered this and there relationship was on and off. The tension in the room was awkward for a brief moment but did not last because Mike then expressed that although it started rough and that they came from very different backgrounds, they were supposed to be together. After two to three years, the couple was married. Two years later they had Grace, currently age nine, and then Seth age seven. There explanation of deciding when to have kids was, â€Å"We tried a dog, and it didn’t work so we thought we would try kids.† One key observation made surrounding this set of questions about their relationship was that although their backgrounds were different, their personalities really complimented each other to guide them through life’s challenges. Although throughout the interview the couple seemed very happy talking about their marriage relationship, they did express some times in life, that in spite of being a challenge helped them grow closer. One such time occurred while working for the same company as store managers, their stores were down the street from each other causing them to be in direct competition. Additionally when Mike was laid off, Darlene found it difficult to interact with colleagues. Their families being brought together presented some of the greatest challenges, especially when they took in Darlene’s brother, who has battled an alcohol addiction. When an incidence occurred of him drinking at home while watching their children, they dealt with some confrontational stress. More recently another incidence happened when Darlene’s other brother attacked her personally. Mike and him got into some arguments but she chalked it up to his substance abuse and depression, saying, â€Å"All this drinking and addiction stuff has caused stress because Mike was not used to it.† Considering how difficult some of the challenges were early on in their marriage, they did not seem to outweigh the strengths. Darlene said: â€Å"The biggest thing is Mike and I talk, weather it is comfortable or uncomfortable†¦ you know the important things that need to be talked about.† Proper communication is vital to the success of a healthy long lasting marriage. Mike with Darlene agreed saying: â€Å"To sum it up we compliment each others’ strengths and weaknesses well.† Darlene wanted to also share that, â€Å"We both have a really good sense of humor, we can laugh at each other.† She shared that this was how they got through the difficult family situations. Their solid communication, humor, and complimenting personalities, were obvious strengths to their relationship. Frequently during the interview they both expressed that their children dictate much of how they are guided as a married couple and as a family. Family became even more of a priority because Darlene quit her very successful upper-management job in order to spend more time with their children. Mike expressed the importance of this, â€Å"What it comes down to is her and I are responsible for this family we brought into this world.† The only negative aspect of their relationship, specifically as in relation to boundaries was that they both agreed that marital intimacy had suffered. According to them this was one area of their marriage that could use some growth. Although not always the case it is reported as being a common problem for married couples to have decreased intimacy as a result of children. They both agreed that a way to combat this was being more intentional about the time they did have as a couple such as dates and anniversaries. Regardless of how much it was agreed that this was an area with a need for growth in their marriage, their boundaries seemed to be very healthy and clearly defined by their family as a whole. A reoccurring theme throughout the interview with Mike and Darlene was how much their spirituality influenced their marriage and family. Faith became particularly helpful during the difficulties with their families coming together. Mike: â€Å"I don’t know that we would have been as strong, I don’t know that we could have got through our situations without faith.† They have intentionally included their Christian faith throughout their relationship as a foundation for how their family operates and leans in times of life challenges. A lot of how their family is guided is by their faith and membership to a United Methodist Church. Both shared that they enjoyed spending a great majority of their free time volunteering in church activities. Mike, â€Å"Faith for us has been huge.† When asked why they felt this was relevant, they expressed that their children are cared for, nurtured, and supported in this environment. Darlene, â€Å"Our kids love church, I feel like it has become a family or support for us, we get more back from it then we put in.† They seemed to share about their relationship to their church as if it were an extended family that could be leaned on for support when needed but would allow for others to lean on them too if need be. Darlene and Mike are a truly amazing couple. A marriage that seems so balanced in spite of the many life challenges, and personality differences that they encounter. Although they would not admit so, their marriage is a perfect blend of two complimentary individuals. Having clearly defined family boundaries, complimenting each other’s strengths and weaknesses, while being guided by and supported in Christian faith, they continue to navigate through life together.

I Consider Myself A Great Patriot - 1324 Words

I consider myself a great patriot. Every day when I wake up I thank God for America. When I go brush my teeth I do it in the name of America. As I eat breakfast I turn on inspirational all-American artists (like Team America). Throughout the day I always make sure to wear something patriotic: an American flag t-shirt; red, white, and blue shoes, and even an American themed suit at swim practice. At night, I go to bed in my ‘Murica sheets with Captain America’s shield hanging above my bed. I am a great patriot!! Yeah right. No one wakes up saying this. In fact, all of it is entirely made up (except for the Captain America’s shield part). Thus, if it makes so little sense for everything that I do to be purely inspired by patriotism, why do we assume that the founding fathers of America thought this way (class notes)? The traditional picture of our founding fathers usually reflects a group of unfairly treated renegades who assemble a magnificent revolution and break free from the horrors of Great Britain. Patriotism was in their every bone and they would do anything for their country. There is also an element of rags to riches, that these poorly treated people became the great leaders of America (class notes). However, the motives of the founding fathers likely drove deeper than mere patriotism. As Mark Twain once asked, â€Å"What is the chief end of man? To get rich. In what way? Dishonestly if we can, honestly if we must† (Brands) This was quoted in the article â€Å"Founders Chic† byShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Give Me Liberty Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"America will never be destroyed from the outside. If we falter and lose our freedoms, it will be because we destroyed ourselves.† A quote by Abraham Lincoln, which (I think) accurately describes Give Me Liberty by Naomi Wolf. I commend her dedication to liberty which most people in our society are seeming to lack. She is extremely passionate about freedom and the steps we should make to take back the rights Americans were given in the Constitution. It’s easy to explain what our governmental problemsRead MoreIs Texas As A Nation?904 Words   |  4 Pagesever noticed the â€Å"Texas Secede† bumper sticker and thought it was a bit over the top? I can honestly say I was one of the people who thought it was a bit ridiculous up until recently. Now I am not so sure that it is a bad idea! Now, hear me out, I am not saying we SHOULD do this, I am saying we should at least check out the possibility of Texas as a Nation. While I consider myself a patriot, I also consider myself a constitionalist and as of recent my beloved United States of America has chosen toRead MoreAnalysis Of Howard Zinn s Indians History Of The Us And Larry Schweikart s, Patriots1516 Words   |  7 PagesHistory 2112 Critical Analysis Paper #1 Dr. Pitts James Hamby Monday-Wednesday 8:30pm Patriot’s vs. People’s Howard Zinn’s, Peoples’ History of the US and Larry Schweikart’s, Patriots’ History of the US are two analytical views on history that most people would consider politically conflicting. Zinn’s Marxist book was widely praised by liberal activist and Schweikart’s book is greatly publicized by conservatives like Rush Limbaugh and Glenn Beck. These two widely known historians turned theirRead MoreEssay on My Idiolect1246 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the span of my life till today, I have experienced many circumstances which has shaped the way I think and my overall personality and morals, these have structured my idiolect in today’s society, there are many influences in my life that have shaped me, such as my family, culture, friends and media (internet or TV) . Although I am immerse by my upbringing and I am greatly influenced by the family, neighbors and friends, I also inculcate my own experiences and actions in life. Such as tryingRe ad MoreA Long Way Gone, Slaughterhouse Five, And Novel Without A Name1542 Words   |  7 Pagesanyone. These stories serve as another perspective for the not-so-easily convinced. Kurt Vonnegut’s book, Slaughterhouse-Five, an antiwar book that took 23 years to write, is not what he thought it would be. He explained early on to the readers that â€Å"I would hate to tell you what this lousy little book cost me in money and anxiety and time.†(Vonnegut 2) He is advised by a movie-maker, Harrison Starr, that he should â€Å"write and anti-glacier book instead.† (Vonnegut 3) and takes to heart the meaningRead MoreTerrorism: Safety vs Privicy1594 Words   |  7 PagesEver since 9-11, we as a country have been divided on many issues. One of the most discussed considers the question of whether retaining our privacy is more important than ensuring our safety. The two texts I will be using to explore this question are: Mobile Phone Tracking Scrutinized by Nikki Swartz Published in the Information Journal, which bills it’s self as â€Å"the leading source of information on topics central to the management of records and information worldw ide†(347), in March/April 2006Read MoreUnited States And Philippines : The Melting Pot Of Different Ethnic Groups1744 Words   |  7 PagesAsians come here in order to seek a better life and experience civil liberties and I include myself to that. Immigrating from the Philippines and going to the United States forced me to grow up and learn to adapt its culture. I have learned to embrace American culture along with my Filipino culture. Over the past 8 years of living in America, I have learned to adapt its environment. Coming here as an eleven year old, I noticed similarities and differences between United States and Philippines. MostRead More Americas Culture Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesKorean, and many other cultures combined. The people of these various backgrounds came together for a common cause. To attempt create the society that they believed was better than there original origin’s way of life. Many of these founders undertook great hardships and some even death to create something that some people many times overlook or take for granted. If you look at our American society as a whole, you will notice that many Americans share certain beliefs and even customs in common. From theRead MoreEssay about Comparison of McCarthyism and the U.S. Patriot Act1947 Words   |  8 Pagestime-bound terms of the notorious anti-terror law, originally planned to end on December 31st, 2005 and later extended. Advoc ated by Attorney General John Ashcroft and accepted by the Congress in the scared upshot of the 9/11 fanatic assaults, the Patriot Act has been depicted by its critics as the utmost warning to U.S human rights since the Alien and Sedition Acts or the postponement of habeas corpus during the Civil War. The Alien Registration Act approved by the Congress on 29th June 1940, madeRead More Analysis of Howard Zinns Argument in his Article Dying for the Government1339 Words   |  6 Pagesthe American media (we would need to read the foreign press) a full picture of the human suffering caused by our bombing† (159). This is a very strong assertion, but he does not tell us if he actually has read the foreign press. With that statement, I have to assume that he has read the foreign press to believe that he is telling the truth. To make up for his lack of evidence, Zinn uses strong authority in his essay. He first uses the Declaration of Independence, which he says is â€Å"the fundamental

Government Ideas Of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 766 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category People Essay Level High school Topics: John Locke Essay Did you like this example? Both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were great political theorists of the seventeenth century. Both having many different ideas as well as many similar ideas about government. Their ideas differed, especially when it came to the state of nature as well as their governmental views. They also had very similar views in certain aspects of how the government and society should operate, Hobbes and Locke were passionate towards politics, they also believed in the state and laws of nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher, he is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy, known best for his book on the social contract (1651). John Locke was also an English philosopher who was viewed as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers, known as the Father of Liberalism. They sound very much alike, yet their ideas were very different. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Government Ideas Of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke" essay for you Create order Regarding the state of nature, Hobbes believed people put their needs and wants before anything else. They would do whatever it took to help themselves. Thomas Hobbes thought that people are always competing with one another. Whether its over who has the best house, best clothes, most money, etc,. Hobbes also believed that the only way to protect and control people is by having a complete and absolute power that is intimidating. His main understanding is that people live in a state of war, without guidance a man will use what they have to defend their life or possessions, its their nature to fight, which is why Hobbes supported the idea of a ruler, in which would act like a dictator. The people are free but need to be controlled because of how free and reckless they are.   John Lockes perspective on state of nature differed as he thought humans were naturally nice and knew we had limits for what to do and what not to do. Lockes main point was that humans know they shouldnt live in a war with each other, so they were just naturally peaceful. He believed that in the state of nature all men are equal and have power of the natural laws. Furthermore he thought that its everyones right to protect their property that people govern using reason and they dont need any ruler or absolute power they only need reason. Locke didnt fully disagree with the state of war, but he agreed that if people are forcing and causing an issue that people do have the right to engage in war. A proven above, Hobbes was a firm believer that the human state of nature was war without reason and thinking of themselves first, as well as needing an absolute power to act appropriately. Where as Locke believed you need a reason to execute anything including harm on others or yourself, in addition to all having equal rights and independence. Moving on to government, Locke and Hobbes had completely different ideas. Hobbes believed there should be a monarch and Locke supported parliament. As mentioned Hobbes was a supporter of there being an absolute power of authority. Without it there would be total chaos. Relating to governmental views, this sovereign should have complete command and jurisdiction over everything. People should just let whoever is in charge make the decisions without any outside opinion, and the government owned property. Hobbes also believes that people should relinquish all their rights to the sovereign because they know whats best On the other hand, Locke supported the idea of people having a say in what is being decided in government. To add on, another idea of his was that there should just be one dictator that controls everything, including property. If you worked and invested you time and labor into building something than you own it, it is your property.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There was one idea that they both agreed on, that being based on politics. Both Hobbes and Locke believed in the state of natures besides their different views on it. Both agreed on people being equal and free, and that there should be a sort of government or sovereign but they disagreed on how it should be organized. However they did agree on the fact that said government should protect the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To conclude, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two of the most influential philosophers of their time. They had opposing ideas on just about everything; who should be in charge as the center of government, how they should govern, the rights of people on whether they should have a say or not on governmental issues, as well as if people are in a state of war or a state of peace.

Essay on Success Damaging for the Student Soul - 1082 Words

Society’s definition of success is a negative influence on students. This is not to say that obtaining â€Å"success† itself means badly. Rather, it is what society perceives success to be that makes it detrimental. By inherently putting the focus on â€Å"success†, man is essentially putting himself on the road of self-destruction and sabotaging his self-identity. In fact, success is a word that should not exist. It is a reflection of man’s over-egoistical need to better than others, and will ultimately lead to his undoing. Success, like many things, begins at home and is shaped by the people around us as we grow. The definition of success is dependent on culture, but society’s definition focuses specifically on academic achievement, similarly†¦show more content†¦It is not based on a test-system (Pham 1) where education is taught out of a textbook and never through real life experiences and individual opinions. Furthermore, it is also not seeing only one method of success and path; parents should not force children to follow their footsteps, no matter how successful they are (Findlay and Kohler 3). Success should not be something others decree or what society decrees it should be for you. Though I identify myself as being Asian, my definition of â€Å"success† is accomplishing a goal I have set out for myself. A goal, in definition, has to be something you would fight for in order to see it through. It is not something you can make up so easily, and it something that is usually riddled with obstacles and requires perseverance and dedication. An example of this would be Nanowrimo. Literally speaking, Nanowrimo stands for National Novel Writing Month, during which writers attempt to write a 50,000 word novel. In my experience, neither of my Nanowrimos had been easy. My Nanowrimo in 2009 was not the best. I had begun it fifteen days after the start of Nanowrimo and had quickly realized it was impossible to catch up, therefore giving it up. The following year, I was determined to â€Å"win†, but was unable to keep up with the daily quota. Soon, I threw caution to the wind. What did I care about structure and plot? I wrote out of chronological order, I put my characters in situation after situation, hopingShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Technology Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesmusic class or pay for a music instructor. In fact, nowadays, students are more advanced than their teachers on the internet, so why would they want to learn from someone they feel superior to? These teachers are rooted in what they know, living and breathing music, but kids nowadays fully depend on technology, and not the intelligence of our elderly. Those who have physically experienced and dedicated themselves to music. â€Å"Students of today do not know a world without the digital technologies associatedRead MoreSociological Imagination And Its Impact On Society1394 Words   |  6 Pagesmassive influence on society. Believe it or not, Divorce is becoming more common each and every day. â€Å"Marriage has become institutionalized in our society and considered a goal that most attempt to reach with 94% expecting to marry an ideal partner or soul mate in their lifetime (Campbell and Wright 2010). When someone announces that he or she is engaged to marry, the common response is congratulations! It would be considered inappropriate in our society if the response was instead, why? Yet, withRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1325 Words   |  6 Pagesscrutinization of this generation of emerging adults. During these tumultuous years, teenagers find themselves seeking the approval of others. While healthy sources of validification exist, the effects of unhealthy, attention-seeking actions are more damaging and longer lasting. Unfortunately, some teenagers fail to recognize the danger they put themselves in. Lacking the ability to reach out for help, insecure teens turn to the comfort of their peers. Under the impression that â€Å"fitting in† is the sameRead MoreThe Advantage of Video Games1280 Words   |  6 Pagesand even adults. Through studies, scientist and psychologist have determined the exact opposite and that video games actually strengthen your brain and help balance emotions. Since the rise of Electronic gaming, parents have feared video games were damaging the foundation of influence they have tried to build unto their children. Over the time that video games developed, controversy had its rise. Scientist, colleges and physiologist have tested with video games and people that helps put controversyRead MoreWhy Starbucks Is The United States And Packaging It For Mass Consumption1710 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity he decided he was no longer going to play football. In order to pay for his tuition, the young communications major took out student loans and was even reported to selling his blood. Throughout his time at Northern Michigan University, Shultz was driven by the memories of his harsh childhood and knew that an education would be a solid foundation for his future success. Upon his graduation in the spring of 1975, Schultz spent a year working at a ski lodge looking for inspiration. While nothingRead MoreHoward Schultz, The Humble Ceo And Genius Behind Starbucks1694 Words   |  7 Pagesdecided he was no longer going to play football. In order to pay for his tuition, the inexperienced communications major acquired student loans and was even reported to have sold his blood. Throughout his time at Northern Michigan University, Shultz was driven by the memories of his harsh childhood and knew that an education would be a solid foundation for his future success. Upon his graduation in the spring of 1975, Schultz found employment working at a ski lodge looking for inspiration. While nothingRead MoreAdolf Hitler And His Influence On Culture1684 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Hitler’s murderous policies were not met with shock, but rather with cheers of joy. In 1933, Hitler appointed Joseph Goebbels as his Minister of Enlightenment and Propaganda(Trueman, 2015). His two main jobs were to prevent any content deemed damaging to the Nazi party from being read or seen and to make the Nazi ideology as appealing as possible(Trueman, 2015). By making sure he and everything he associated with was always presented in a positive light Hitler made himself more popular among theRead MoreHow Accurate Is It to Say That the Black Power Movements of the 1960’s Achieved Nothing for the Black People?1857 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Black Power movements in the early 1960s coincided with the peak of success for the Civil Rights campaign such as the freedo m cities of 1966 or the Free D.C. movement. Firstly I agree that the Black Power Movements achieved nothing for Black people relations between King and other Civil Rights groups were never entirely secure, and he was often accused of taking credit for the efforts of others, for example in the student sit-ins of 1961. He was criticised for a cynical use of children in theRead MoreFraternal Organizations1934 Words   |  8 Pagesprovided a source of community for students who were segregated from the daily university life. At the start of the 20th century, black students attending American universities were often excluded from the personal and close associations the predominantly white student population enjoyed in existing fraternal organizations. During the 1905 06 school year, Cornell University witnessed the organization of the first Greek letter fraternity for black students, by black students. Alpha Phi Alpha was organizedRead MoreBlack Culture And The Black Experience1943 Words   |  8 Pagesculture and the black expe rience is misunderstood and filled with fabricated beliefs. African Americans have been involved in Hollywood films since film earliest forms in the early 20th century. In these early films African Americans was showed in a damaging unpleasant way. African American filmmakers have been are emancipating the black image from Hollywood’s depiction of Blacks. They are challenging the stereotypes and destroying the view of the singular black experience. Black are becoming more involved

Analysis Of The No Jab No Pay Public Health Policy †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Of The No Jab No Pay Public Health Policy. Answer: Introduction The Australian government has been in forefront of addressing issues related to public health by putting in place the relevant strategies and initiatives aimed at promoting the growth of a healthy nation. In its efforts to formulate policies the government takes into consideration the concerns raised by various stakeholders in the health sector in order to ensure that the policy meets the set objectives. However, in most cases, the implementation of these policies have not been an easy task on the side of the government as the policy implementation process is always met with certain economic, political and social factors or challenges (Wang et al., p. 67, 2017). Among the many public health policies formulated by the Australian government with a collaboration with other health agencies such as the Commonwealth as well as the state and federal governments are the immunization policy and in this case the No Jab No Pay immunization policy which was implemented in January 2016. The aim of the policy was to improve the health status of children in Australia by increasing the rates and the number of immunized children among the Australian population. To achieve this policy targeted the families with children who are not immunized and therefore the governments sought to withdraw the health benefits enjoyed by these groups of people in relation to FBT-A end of year supplement, the child care benefits (CCB) and the childcare rebate (CCR) health benefits (Braunack-Mayer et al., p. 1402, 2016). This study, therefore, seeks to provide an understanding of the factors affecting the implementation of policy as well as the relationship and intersection between various aspects of the policy-making process. An overview of the No Jab No Pay immunization health policy This policy was proposed in 2015 when the Australian government proposed that it would end off some exemptions from the children immunization requirements for eligibility for accessing the health care benefits including the FBT- A end of year supplement, the child care benefit as well as the childcare benefit (Handy et al., p. 11, 2017). The reason for such a move by the government was because the government was concerned at the risk caused by non-vaccinated children to the public health. The policy came into place as in consolidation with the government initiative adopted in 1998 which had attached certain requirements for children to meet immunization schedules to children payments. The policy, however, had affected certain groups in society such as the Church of Christ and others who had submitted a conscientious objection to the immunization. Later after a discussion between the ministers of social services in Australia together with the Church of Christ, they agree the exemption to the church would do away with as it was no longer necessary (Wiley et al., p. 7, 2017). The government has therefore taken measures through this policy to initiate its preventive healthcare initiatives to improve the health status of the children and promote the growth of a healthy nation. The implementation of the policy, therefore, calls s for the collective efforts of all the stakeholders involved or affected by the policy. The success of the implementation process willbe determined by the relationships and intersection between the various stakeholders and aspects in the implementation process and the evaluation of the key factors overlooked in the policy-making process. The policy is therefore aimed at increasing the vaccination rates among children and adolescents as well as reducing the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases among the young population in Australia. Historical factors shaping the development and implementation of the policy For the policy to be formulated, adopted and implemented a number of historical factors contributed to the implementation of the policy. In 1993, the Australian health sector established the first Australian Immunization Strategy that ruled out compulsory vaccination and allowed conscientious objections to be acceptable grounds for not vaccinating children. This move however led to deterioration health status of children as many children were found not to be vaccinated. In 1996, the health sector introduced a child immunization register that helped in collection of data on vaccination rates for children and in the year 1997 the health sector introduced a childhood immunization program that provided financial assistance to families to help in improvement of the vaccination rates till January 2016 when the No Jab No Pay policy was implemented. Social factors affecting the implementation of the policy The implementation of the policy can only be successful if the policymakers take into consideration the social factors likely to affect the implementation. Social factors, in this case, refer to the issues resulting from the interactions and links between the policymakers and the other stakeholder and especially the population that is affected by the policy (Taylor et al., p. 18, 2016). In this case, the immunization health policy main stakeholders include the government and other agencies involved in the formulation of the policy and the parents or families with children who are not immunized or have not been scheduled for immunization. There is a need for effective communication by the side of the government to the families or parents with children as they are the main target of the policy. The understanding of the social factors helps in identifying and aligning the attitudes, the beliefs and the different perceptions people or the community has or hold towards the implementation of the policy. The willingness of the parents to have their children immunized enables a smooth facilitation of the process of policy implementation. Lack of effective communication or interaction between the agents of social change or policymakers and the families or the targeted community will lead to great failure in the achievement of the goals and objectives of the policy (Crocker-BuqueMounier-Jack, 2016, p. 690). The agents of social change or the government and other health agencies should conduct a research on the current health needs of the community or families. They should also aim to understand their views on the reasons why they think or think not, that the policy will be of help to them and to the health of their children and how it will promote the general welfare of the society. Taking into the consideration of these social needs will help in facilitating a smooth implementation of the policy. This is because some parents fail to allow their children to be immunized because of lack of understanding on the importance of the immunization to the health of their children while another ride on the community misconceptions or perceptions that the immunization might harm their children (Gallagher et al., p. 24, 2014). There is, therefore, a great need for the government and the other health to create mass awareness in their targeted community to reach out to the targeted groups. Economic factors affecting the implementation of the policy The economic factors affecting the implementation of this policy are the ability of the different families to afford the cost factor of the immunization. In most cases, the government as well as other health agencies such as Commonwealth or world health organization (Vassiliki et al., p. 15, 2014) funds these immunization programs. The government of Australia has set a budget that is primarily targeted at the conscientious objectors of immunization program, but also affects the families or individuals who receive childcare subsidies. In support of the policy, the government has provided $ 161.8 million to be used for over five years for the new proposed new and amended listings in the National Immunization Program Schedule for free vaccines as well as an extra $ 26.4 million for improving the immunization coverage rates and particularly to children and adolescents (MARLOW, p. 15, 2017). This shows that the Australian government is committed to the provision of free immunization vacci nes to help in the prevention of diseases. Since the policy in its strategic approach is aimed at closing of some exemptions from immunization requirements, which have great impact on other health care benefits, enjoyed by parents. Some benefits include the child care benefit and the childcare rebate in a move to make the families or individuals to allow their children have immunization this measure can negatively impact on the parents willingness to have their children immunized (Oku et al., p. 107, 2014). Most of other families could not also have their children immunized because they were not in a position to subscribe to children care benefits, as well as children, care rebate programs. Effective policy implementation will be determined by the ability of the government in ensuring that the cost of administering the policy is less than the benefits accrue from the program as well as ensure that the policy does not add an extra financial obligation to the community and the families. Lack of enough funds to finance the imple mentation of the program through campaigns and even in the acquisition of vaccines can be a major factor undermining the implementation of the policy. Political factors affecting the implementation of the policy The political climate of a nation or even the political goodwill towards a certain project may encourage or discourage the expansion of public obligation and henceforth affect policy implementation in either way. Policy implementation has been subject to failure in the past and even in the current state governance and leadership due to lack of political support (Robertson et al., p. 07, 2014). In most cases, politics of a nation and in this case in Australia involves a conflict over the distribution of scarce resources. It is therefore important to note that the levels of political commitment towards the implementation of a policy as well as an enabling legislative environment have been associated with higher levels of immunization coverage and its effectiveness. The policy has attracted different concerns and views from the political arena of the Australian legislative and leadership positions. In most cases, many leaders have been found to support the implementation of policies in which the leaders have a certain interest attach to the policy many policies have failed due to lack of political support and goodwill (Duckett, 2015, p. 14). A section of the leadership in Australia has not been supporting the implementation of the policy and especially during the budgetary allocations by the side of the government. Such political divisions in decision making delayed the implementation of the policy since its proposal in 2015. Some sections of leaders were of the opinion that the existing child care health benefits would be enough to facilitate children immunization for the willing population other than using more money on the project which could be used for other development agenda in the country (Warner et al., p. 45, 2015). Others were of the view that only a section or a group of people would benefit from the policy while disadvantaging the other groups which cannot afford the health care benefits for their children. It is therefore important to ensure that a majority of the political class supports the policy by setting its objectives to meet the national health goals (Laskowski, 2016). Such a move will ensure that the policy receives support from a majority as it will equitably improve the health of Australians across all regions. The relationship between the various aspects of policy-making process Policymaking process involves a number of intertwined processes which build each other. In most cases when one process fails it affects the success of the other aspects of the process. Policymaking process involves agenda building, the formulation of the policy, adoption, implementation, evaluation, and termination of the policy once it achieves its set objectives (Hendrix et al., 2016, p. 274). During the agenda-setting stage, it outlines the existing problem that in a wider perspective attracts the attention of government for intervention. If the problem or an issue of concern is identified then the formulation process begins. The formulation process helps to come up with an approach to solve the identified problem. The plan or approach is adopted and implemented in which evaluation is one at different stages of the policy implementation and finally is the termination of the policy if it achieves its objectives or it cans even when it fails to achieve its objectives. Therefore all these processes are connected to each other and therefore the Australian government needs to be observant especially when doing the evaluation of the project in order to understand areas where the failure of the project would have resulted from. For instance on before taking measure on the objectors of the policy. Conclusion The success of the implementation of this public health policy willdepend on the efforts of the government in addressing the social factors, the economic factors as well as the political factors affecting the implementation of the policy. It willcall for the collective efforts of the government with all the stakeholders in the public health for the policy to successfully achieve its objectives. Prevention of communicable diseases has therefore been the heart of the Australian government as it is a key element of Australia National Primary health care strategy. This policy is however important as it seeks to improve the immunization coverage among children. References Braunack-Mayer, A, Skinner, S, Collins, J, Tooher, R, Proeve, C, O'Keefe, M, Burgess, T, Watson, M, Marshall, H 2015, 'Ethical Challenges in School-Based Immunization Programs for Adolescents: A Qualitative Study', American Journal Of Public Health, 105, 7, pp. 1399-1403, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017. Crocker-Buque, T, Mounier-Jack, S 2016, 'The International Finance Facility for Immunisation: stakeholders' perspectives', Bulletin Of The World Health Organization, 94, 9, pp. 687-693, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017 Duckett, S 2015, 'Medicare at Middle Age: Adapting a Fundamentally Good System', Australian Economic Review, 48, 3, pp. 290-297, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017. Gallagher, K, Kadokura, E, Eckert, L, Miyake, S, Mounier-Jack, S, Aldea, M, Ross, D, Watson-Jones, D 2016, 'Factors influencing completion of multi-dose vaccine schedules in adolescents: a systematic review', BMC Public Health, 16, 1, pp. 1-17, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017. Gofen, A, Needham, C 2015, 'Service Personalization as a Response to Noncompliance with Routine Childhood Vaccination', Governance, 28, 3, pp. 269-283, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017. Handy, L, Maroudi, S, Powell, M, Nfila, B, Moser, C, Japa, I, Monyatsi, N, Tzortzi, E, Kouzeli, I, Luberti, A, Theodoridou, M, Offit, P, Steenhoff, A, Shea, J, Feemster, K 2017, 'The impact of access to immunization information on vaccine acceptance in three countries', Plos ONE, 12, 8, pp. 1-16, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017 Hendrix, K, Sturm, L, Zimet, G, Meslin, E 2016, 'Ethics and Childhood Vaccination Policy in the United States', American Journal Of Public Health, 106, 2, pp. 273-278, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017 Laskowski, M 2016, 'Nudging Towards Vaccination: A Behavioral Law and Economics Approach to Childhood Immunization Policy', Texas Law Review, 94, 3, pp. 601-628, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017 MARLOW, ML 2017, 'Should Government Subsidize And Regulate Electronic Health Records?', Regulation, 40, 2, pp. 26-30, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017 Oku, A, Oyo-Ita, A, Glenton, C, Fretheim, A, Eteng, G, Ames, H, Muloliwa, A, Kaufman, J, Hill, S, Cliff, J, Cartier, Y, Bosch-Capblanch, X, Rada, G, Lewin, S 2017, 'Factors affecting the implementation of childhood vaccination communication strategies in Nigeria: a qualitative study', BMC Public Health, 17, pp. 1-12, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017. Robertson, J, Newby, D, Walkom, E 2016, 'Health Care Spending: Changes in the Perceptions of the Australian Public', Plos ONE, 11, 6, pp. 1-12, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017 Taylor, D, Gray, M, Stanton, D 2016, 'New conditionality in Australian social security policy', Australian Journal Of Social Issues (Australian Social Policy Association), 51, 1, pp. 3-26, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017 Vassiliki, P, Ioanna, K, Artemis, V, Eleni, K, Aglaia, Z, Attilakos, A, Maria, T, Dimitris, K 2014, 'Determinants of vaccination coverage and adherence to the Greek national immunization program among infants aged 2-24 months at the beginning of the economic crisis (2009-2011)', BMC Public Health, 14, 1, pp. 1-18, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017 Wang, E, Clymer, J, Davis-Hayes, C, Buttenheim, A 2014, 'Nonmedical Exemptions From School Immunization Requirements: A Systematic Review', American Journal Of Public Health, 104, 11, pp. e62-e84, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017. Warner, E, Lai, D, Carbajal-Salisbury, S, Garza, L, Bodson, J, Mooney, K, Kepka, D 2015, 'Latino Parents' Perceptions of the HPV Vaccine for Sons and Daughters', Journal Of Community Health, 40, 3, pp. 387-394, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017. Wiley, K, Steffens, M, Berry, N, Leask, J 2017, 'An audit of the quality of online immunisation information available to Australian parents', BMC Public Health, 17, 1, pp. 1-9, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 October 2017